Background and Objective: Co-occurring central sleep apnea (CSA) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are a devel-oping apprehension because many patients referred to sleep studies have co-morbidities such as cardiovascular and/or neurological disorders which increase the possibility of central and obstructive episodes. Here, we report a patient with-out excessive daytime sleepiness and a combination of CSA and OSA. Case Report: We present a 16-year-old boy with a history of snoring, poor quality of sleep, nightmare, sleep walking, and sleep talking since he was two-years old. His STOP-Bang score was 7. Standard attended polysomnography (PSG) with audio-video monitoring was performed. The PSG results contained Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI): 30. 2 (number of OSAs was 50 and number of CSAs was 49 during sleep). Then, a titration study was performed and continuous posi-tive airway pressure (CPAP) setting as low as eight cmH2O was effective in eliminating obstructive events, but there was emerging CSAs in favour of Treatment Emergent CSA (TCSA). Conclusion: This case represents a non-sleepy phenotype of OSA in combination with many CSAs in PSG. We suggest that further studies be performed on the association between the concomitant presence of CSA and OSA among non-sleepy patients with OSA.

Background: The purpose of this study was investigating the relationship of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients referred to specialized sleep clinic.Methods: 77 patients with chief complain of erectile dysfunction referred to one specialized sleep clinic by urologists or legal authorities were investigated if they had obstructive sleep apnea. They were monitored for 8 hours in view of erection, apnea, electrocardiogram, pulse oximetry and polysomnography.Findings: Tests confirmed that erectile dysfunction and obstructive sleep apnea had no meaningful relationship (P>0.05).Conclusion: In our study, the relationship between erectile dysfunction and obstructive sleep apnea was not meaningful but we understood that some psychological factors are effective for erectile dysfunction. It is suggested to study organic factors responsible for erectile dysfunction.

Sleep apnea, and particularly obstructive sleep apnea, is a common disorder that is characterized by a repetitive, partial or complete cessation of air flow, associated with oxyhemoglobin desaturation and an increased effort to breath. In recent years, orthodontists have been interested and involved in the management of this disorder since it has been shown that oral appliance therapy can be an effective treatment approach for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The purpose of this article is to present a review of OSA by describing this disorder, its diagnosis, currently available treatment modalities and, in particular, the role of oral appliance therapy in its treatment.

The number of patients who suffer from snoring and sleep apnea in Iran has been increasing in proportionate to the rest of the world as the prevalence of obesity has soared within the last two decades. This pandemic obesity is blamed on consumption of more energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods with high levels of sugar and saturated fats. Obesity is one of the major contributing factors of obstructive sleep apnea. The number of people snoring in Iran is not well established, but since many years ago this bizarre behavior was looked upon as an annoying sound that some people have and it was thought that they have to live with it. It was not until early twentieth century that scientists began to relate an association between snoring, obesity, and sleep-related disorders. At present time, it is well documented and universally agreed that snoring as well as sleep apnea are far more prevalent in societies and can lead to other serious illnesses including heart attack, stroke, and even nocturnal death. Obstructive sleep apnea is a term used to describe cession of breathing while sleep for a period of 10 seconds or more and repeated over five times per hour of sleep. In this article, we review various methods of surgical treatments and the long-term relapse potential for each.